This lesson covers: To be able to identify various methods of selling To be able to describe the influence of e-commerce on business activity To be able to discuss the importance to a business of good customer service, including after-sales service To be able to evaluate the contribution of product knowledge and customer engagement to good customer service This lesson is written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

This lesson covers: The purpose of the finance function Provide financial information, support business planning and decision making The influence of the finance function on business activity This lesson was written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

AS(7131) A-level (7132) Specifications For teaching from September 2023 onwards For as exams in May/June 2024 onwards For a-level exams in May/June 2025 onwards Version 2.0 This lesson covers: Models of organisational structure Functional Product based Regional Matrix Influences on organisational design authority span hierarchy delegation centralisation and decentralisation The value of changing organisational design How managing the human resource flow helps meet human resource objectives: human resource plan recruitment training redeployment redundancy This lesson is written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

AS(7131) A-level (7132) Specifications For teaching from September 2023 onwards For as exams in May/June 2024 onwards For a-level exams in May/June 2025 onwards Version 2.0 This lesson covers: Methods to improve cash flow Assess ways of improving cash flow Methods to improve profits and profitability Assess ways of improving profits and profitability Difficulties improving cash flow and profit This lesson was written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

AS(7131) A-level (7132) Specifications For teaching from September 2023 onwards For as exams in May/June 2024 onwards For a-level exams in May/June 2025 onwards Version 2.0 This lesson covers: Influences on the extent and methods of employee involvement in decision making Employee representation methods to include trade unions and works council How to manage and improve employer – employee communications and relations Value of good employer – employee relations This lesson is written by Sarah Hilton from Revisionstation

AS(7131) A-level (7132) Specifications For teaching from September 2023 onwards For as exams in May/June 2024 onwards For a-level exams in May/June 2025 onwards Version 2.0 This lesson covers: The benefits of motivated and engaged employees Theories of motivation should include Taylor, Maslow and Herzberg. How to improve employee engagement and motivation Financial methods of motivation should include: piece rate commission salary schemes performance-related pay Non-financial methods of motivating employees Empowerment Team working Flexible working Job enrichment Job rotation Influences on the choice and assessment of the effectiveness of financial and non-financial methods of motivating employees This lesson is written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

AS(7131) A-level (7132) Specifications For teaching from September 2023 onwards For as exams in May/June 2024 onwards For a-level exams in May/June 2025 onwards Version 2.0 This lesson covers: Influences on the mission of a business Internal and external influences on corporate objectives and decisions Influences on corporate objectives should include the pressures for short termism, business ownership, the external and internal environment. The links between mission, corporate objectives and strategy The distinction between strategy and tactics The impact of strategic decision making on functional decision making Internal and external influences on functional objectives and decisions The value of SWOT analysis This lesson was written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

AS(7131) A-level (7132) Specifications For teaching from September 2023 onwards For as exams in May/June 2024 onwards For a-level exams in May/June 2025 onwards Version 2.0 This lesson covers: How to analyse data other than financial statements to assess the strengths and weaknesses of a business Data other than financial statements should include operations, human resource and marketing data. Data may be analysed over time or in comparison with other businesses The importance of core competences Assessing short and long-term performance The value of different measures of assessing business performance Methods of assessing overall business performance to include: Elkington’s Triple Bottom Line (Profit, People, Planet). This lesson was written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

AS(7131) A-level (7132) Specifications For teaching from September 2023 onwards For as exams in May/June 2024 onwards For a-level exams in May/June 2025 onwards Version 2.0 This lesson covers: How to assess the financial performance of a business using balance sheets, income statements financial ratios profitability (return on capital employed) liquidity (current ratio) gearing Efficiency ratios: payables days receivables days inventory turnover The value of financial ratios when assessing performance Data may be analysed over time or in comparison with other businesses. This lesson was written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

AS(7131) A-level (7132) Specifications For teaching from September 2023 onwards For as exams in May/June 2024 onwards For a-level exams in May/June 2025 onwards Version 2.0 This lesson covers: The impact of changes in the political and legal environment on strategic and functional decision making: The political and legal environment should include a broad understanding of the scope and effects of law related to competition, the labour market and environmental legislation The impact of government policy related to enterprise, the role of regulators, infrastructure, the environment and international trade This lesson was written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

AS(7131) A-level (7132) Specifications For teaching from September 2023 onwards For as exams in May/June 2024 onwards For a-level exams in May/June 2025 onwards Version 2.0 This lesson covers: The impact of changes in the political and legal environment on strategic and functional decision making: The political and legal environment should include a broad understanding of the scope and effects of law related to competition, the labour market and environmental legislation The impact of government policy related to enterprise, the role of regulators, infrastructure, the environment and international trade This was written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

AS(7131) A-level (7132) Specifications For teaching from September 2023 onwards For as exams in May/June 2024 onwards For a-level exams in May/June 2025 onwards Version 2.0 This lesson covers: The impact of the social and technological environment on strategic and functional decision making Social changes to include demographic changes and population movements such as: migration changes in consumer lifestyle and buying behaviour the growth of online businesses The social environment to include Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and: the reasons for and against (CSR) the difference between the stakeholder v shareholder concept Carroll’s Corporate Social Responsibility pyramid Technological change should include the impact of technological change on functional areas and strategy The pressures for socially responsible behaviour This lesson was written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

AS(7131) A-level (7132) Specifications For teaching from September 2023 onwards For as exams in May/June 2024 onwards For a-level exams in May/June 2025 onwards Version 2.0 This lesson covers: Porter’s five forces, how and why these might change, and the implications of these forces for strategic and functional decision making and profits An understanding of the five forces to include: entry threat (barriers to entry) buyer power supplier power rivalry substitute threat This lesson was written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

AS(7131) A-level (7132) Specifications For teaching from September 2023 onwards For as exams in May/June 2024 onwards For a-level exams in May/June 2025 onwards Version 2.0 This lesson covers: Financial methods of assessing an investment, investment appraisal should include the calculation and interpretation of: payback average rate of return net present value Factors influencing investment decisions. Factors to include: investment criteria non-financial factors risk and uncertainty This lesson was written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

AS(7131) A-level (7132) Specifications For teaching from September 2023 onwards For as exams in May/June 2024 onwards For a-level exams in May/June 2025 onwards Version 2.0 This lesson covers: The distinction between management and leadership Types of management and leadership styles and influences on these – theories: Common leadership styles Autocratic Paternalistic Democratic Laissez-faire The Tannenbaum and Schmidt continuum The effectiveness of different styles of management and leadership This lesson was written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

AS(7131) A-level (7132) Specifications For teaching from September 2023 onwards For as exams in May/June 2024 onwards For a-level exams in May/June 2025 onwards Version 2.0 This lesson covers: The value of decision making based on data (scientific decision making) and on intuition Scientific decision making: Understanding and interpreting decision trees Calculating expected value and net gains. Decision making: Risks Rewards Uncertainty Opportunity cost The use and value of decision trees in decision making Influences on decision making: Mission Objectives Ethics The external environment including competition Resource constraints This lesson was written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

AS(7131) A-level (7132) Specifications For teaching from September 2023 onwards For as exams in May/June 2024 onwards For a-level exams in May/June 2025 onwards Version 2.0 This lesson covers: The need to consider stakeholder needs when making decisions Stakeholder mapping Stakeholder power and interest Stakeholder needs and the possible overlap and conflict of these needs How to manage the relationship with different stakeholders Communication Consultation This lesson was written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

AS(7131) A-level (7132) Specifications For teaching from September 2023 onwards For as exams in May/June 2024 onwards For a-level exams in May/June 2025 onwards Version 2.0 This lesson covers: The interpretation, calculation and use of operations data in operational decision-making and planning Calculation of: labour productivity unit costs (average costs) capacity capacity utilisation This lesson was written by Sarah Hilton at Revisionstation

AS(7131) A-level (7132) Specifications For teaching from September 2023 onwards For as exams in May/June 2024 onwards For a-level exams in May/June 2025 onwards Version 2.0 This lesson covers: The value of setting financial objectives to include: The concept of a return on investment Revenue, costs and profit objectives Cash flow objectives The distinction between cash flow and profit The distinction between gross profit, operating profit and profit for the year This lesson was written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

AS(7131) A-level (7132) Specifications For teaching from September 2023 onwards For as exams in May/June 2024 onwards For a-level exams in May/June 2025 onwards Version 2.0 This lesson covers: Internal and external sources of finance debt factoring overdrafts retained profits share capital loans venture capital crowd funding Advantages and disadvantages of different sources of finance for short and long term uses This lesson was written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation